| Course | HCR 331 Communication within Communities |
|---|---|
| Module | Module 9 |
| Paper type | Campaign preparation paper |
| Length | About 642 words, 5 pages |
| Format | APA 7 student paper |
| School | Arizona State University |
| Program | BS in Community Health |
| Updated | October 2026 |
Free sample paper for HCR 331 Module 9
Llama al 911: Preparing a Stroke Recognition Campaign for Spanish-Speaking Older Adults in West Phoenix
Student Name
BS in Community Health, Arizona State University
HCR 331: Communication within Communities
Instructor Name
Month Day, Year
Llama al 911: Preparing a Stroke Recognition Campaign for Spanish-Speaking Older Adults in West Phoenix
Purpose
This paper prepares the groundwork for a health communication campaign. It defines the health problem, identifies the audience, sets goals, chooses a theory and channels and lists the background sources the campaign will rely on. The campaign, Llama al 911 (Call 911), aims to help Spanish-speaking older adults in west Phoenix and their families recognize the signs of stroke and call 911 at once.
The Problem
Stroke treatment works only if it starts quickly, and the fastest route to treatment is an ambulance. Get With the Guidelines-Stroke data on 204,591 patients at 1,563 hospitals showed that 63.7% came in by ambulance. Those who did were about twice as likely to reach the hospital within three hours of symptom onset, and patients of minority race and ethnicity were less likely to use EMS (Ekundayo et al., 2013). Knowledge is part of the reason. In the 2017 National Health Interview Survey, 67.5% of U.S. adults knew all five common stroke signs and that the right response is to call 911, but only 57.8% of Hispanic adults did, the lowest of any group reported (Jackson et al., 2020).
Audience
The primary audience is Spanish-speaking adults aged 55 and older in west Phoenix neighborhoods such as Maryvale, where many households are multigenerational. The secondary audience is their adult children and teenage grandchildren, who are often the first to notice a parent's slurred speech and who may be quicker to call. A school-based program in Harlem found that children taught stroke signs passed the message on to their parents, whose recall improved after the program (Williams et al., 2012), which supports reaching older adults through younger family members.
Goals and Objectives
The campaign goal is to shorten the time between stroke symptoms and a 911 call among Spanish-speaking older adults in west Phoenix. Objectives for the first year are:
1. Increase the share of audience members who can name at least three stroke signs from a baseline survey level by 15 percentage points.
2. Increase the share who say they would call 911 first, before calling a relative or doctor, by 10 percentage points.
3. Reach 5,000 households through at least two channels.
Theory
The Extended Parallel Process Model fits a stroke campaign because stroke frightens people, and fear can either motivate action or produce denial (Witte, 1992). The model predicts action only when two judgments line up: the danger feels serious and personal, and the recommended response feels both effective and within reach. A message about stroke must therefore pair the threat with a simple, doable response: recognize the signs and call 911.
Channels
Spanish-language radio, church bulletins, pharmacy counters, community health workers and middle school classrooms would carry the campaign, with a short video for family group chats. Fogle et al. (2008) found that a 20-week, high-intensity campaign in Montana increased awareness of two or more stroke warning signs from 67% to 83% among adults 45 and older, which supports using several channels at once.
Background Sources
| Source type | Example | Use |
|---|---|---|
| National survey data | NHIS stroke knowledge (Jackson et al., 2020) | Size of the knowledge gap |
| Registry study | Get With the Guidelines-Stroke EMS use (Ekundayo et al., 2013) | Why calling 911 matters |
| Campaign evaluation | Montana stroke awareness campaign (Fogle et al., 2008) | Proof that campaigns can change awareness |
| Intervention study | Hip Hop Stroke (Williams et al., 2012) | Reaching parents through children |
| Theory | Extended Parallel Process Model (Witte, 1992) | Message design |
| Course text | Lederman et al. (2017) | Campaign steps and audience analysis |
Next Steps
Before any materials are produced, the team will conduct a short needs assessment: listening sessions with older adults at two parishes and a baseline survey of stroke knowledge in Spanish. The findings will shape the final message and test whether family members are the right messengers.
References
Ekundayo, O. J., Saver, J. L., Fonarow, G. C., Schwamm, L. H., Xian, Y., Zhao, X., Hernandez, A. F., Peterson, E. D., & Cheng, E. M. (2013). Patterns of emergency medical services use and its association with timely stroke treatment: Findings from Get With the Guidelines-Stroke. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 6(3), 262-269. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000089
Fogle, C. C., Oser, C. S., Troutman, T. P., McNamara, M., Williamson, A. P., Keller, M., McNamara, S., Helgerson, S. D., Gohdes, D., & Harwell, T. S. (2008). Public education strategies to increase awareness of stroke warning signs and the need to call 911. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 14(3), e17-e22. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PHH.0000316496.78282.47
Jackson, S. L., Legvold, B., Vahratian, A., Blackwell, D. L., Fang, J., Gillespie, C., Hayes, D., & Loustalot, F. (2020). Sociodemographic and geographic variation in awareness of stroke signs and symptoms among adults: United States, 2017. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(44), 1617-1621. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6944a1
Lederman, L. C., Kreps, G. L., & Roberto, A. J. (2017). Health communication in everyday life. Kendall Hunt.
Williams, O., DeSorbo, A., Noble, J., & Gerin, W. (2012). Child-mediated stroke communication: Findings from Hip Hop Stroke. Stroke, 43(1), 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.621029
Witte, K. (1992). Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model. Communication Monographs, 59(4), 329-349. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637759209376276
HCR 331 Module 9 instructions, in plain terms
The campaign preparation assignment sits in HCR 331's Module 9, the week on health communication campaigns and community health needs assessments, and it is worth 10 points. The syllabus says it should show that you understand the main concepts of campaign development and that you can find appropriate sources for background information. In practice that means doing the thinking a campaign team does before designing a single poster: defining the problem with data, choosing and describing an audience, setting goals, picking a theory, choosing channels and gathering the sources that will justify each choice. Chapter 10 of Health Communication in Everyday Life covers these steps, and the later modules on behavior change models and the REACH approach will build on what you prepare here. The same campaign usually becomes the final project, so choose a topic you will want to keep working on.
How the HCR 331 Module 9 example is put together
A one-paragraph purpose statement names the campaign and its aim. The problem section uses one national registry study and one national survey to show both why calling 911 matters and where the knowledge gap is largest. The audience section names a primary and a secondary audience and supports reaching older adults through younger relatives with an intervention study. Goals become three measurable objectives. A short theory section explains why the Extended Parallel Process Model fits a frightening topic, and the channels section cites a campaign evaluation. A table lists every background source by type and use, which is the second half of the prompt, and a closing paragraph plans a needs assessment before materials are made.
Reading the HCR 331 Module 9 grading rubric
The preparation assignment is graded out of 10 points on its Canvas rubric. A strong submission defines a specific health problem with current data, describes an audience precisely enough to design for, states goals and measurable objectives, chooses a theory and explains why it fits, names channels the audience actually uses and draws on appropriate sources, meaning peer-reviewed studies, government data and the course text rather than general websites. Deductions follow a topic no single campaign could cover, when the audience is "everyone," when objectives cannot be measured, when theory is named without explanation and when the background rests on unsourced claims. Because the course later moves to behavior change models and evaluation, a plan that already shows how success will be measured is ahead of the game.
HCR 331 Module 9 help from the desk
Choose a topic with a clear action you want people to take, such as calling 911, getting screened or storing medicines safely; awareness alone is hard to measure. Use a national survey to show the gap and a local source to show it applies to your community. Describe your audience by age, language, place and where they get information. Write objectives with a number and a time frame. Pick one theory and explain it in two or three sentences. List your sources by type so the reader sees you used the right kinds. If you cannot find data for your audience, the desk can suggest national and county sources.
Write yours, or have the desk draft it
This paper is an original model document written by our desk, not a submitted student paper and not an official Arizona State University document. Read it for the moves, then write your own to the instructions in your classroom. If you want one built to your exact prompt and rubric, the first custom sample is free and arrives in 24 to 48 hours.
More HCR 331 and BS in Community Health sample papers
- HCR 331 Module 5: Assignment 1: Social Support and Health IT
- HCR 331 Module 13: Final Project Paper: A Community Health Communication Campaign
- HCR 303 Module 1: Community Health Needs Assessment Capstone
- HCR 435 Module 1: Team Paper: Values and Personalities in Health Care Leadership
HCR 331 Module 9 questions, answered
Where can I find a free HCR 331 Module 9 sample paper?
Scroll up: the full campaign preparation paper for Llama al 911, a stroke recognition campaign for Spanish-speaking older adults, is above.
What does the HCR 331 campaign preparation assignment ask?
Show you understand how a health communication campaign is developed and use appropriate sources for its background.
What sources count as appropriate for a campaign background?
Peer-reviewed studies, government survey or registry data and the course text, rather than general websites.
Why use the Extended Parallel Process Model for a stroke campaign?
Stroke frightens people, and the model shows how to pair that fear with a response they feel able to carry out, so they act instead of tuning out.
How many stroke signs do U.S. adults know?
In 2017, 67.5% of adults knew all five common signs and to call 911, and 57.8% of Hispanic adults did.